The Freedom of a Christian:  Enevold Ewald’s Ordo Salutis under the microscope and macroscope

Enevold ewald, danish pietism, grace and nature, ordo salutis, apokatastasis

This dissertation investigates the theology and intellectual context of the Danish Pietist priest, Enevold Ewald (1696–1754), primarily focusing on his understanding of the ordo salutis (order of salvation). By employing a microhistorical analysis of Ewald’s texts—including his 1734 heresy trial transcripts—and situating them within the broader early modern macrosocial context, this study offers both a historical and theological re-examination of Danish Pietism.

The central aim is to challenge the claim that Pietist faith is fundamentally irrational. The analysis is achieved by juxtaposing Ewald’s articulation of the ordo salutis and his subtle adherence to apokatastasis (universal salvation) with the theological and philosophical frameworks of influential German Lutheran contemporaries: Johann Franz Buddeus (1667-1729), Johann Georg Walch (1693-1775), and the universalist Ludwig Gerhard (c. 1680–1738).

The research demonstrates that Ewald's ordo salutis consistently depicts an active, cooperative divine-human response, which is further illuminated by early modern discussions of grace, human nature, and philosophical freedom. Specifically, the study reveals that Pietist-affiliated theologians like Buddeus conceptualized grace as a healing of human nature, upholding notions of divine concurrence that allow for genuine moral improvement and human agency.

The dissertation concludes that Ewald’s universalism, when understood through the lens of Gerhard’s treatise, Kurtzer Begriff des ewigen Evangelii von deren Wiederbringung aller Dinge, harmonizes well with his ordo salutis. The proposed framework portrays divine action not as a break with, but as a working through, human nature to heal it. This intellectually consistent and compelling picture of God’s constant salvific action and the human response effectively neutralizes concerns about the irrationality of Pietist faith. This work thus contributes to the history of Danish Pietism and re-examines the profound theological implications of apokatastasis for the Pietist narrative.

Aarflot, Andreas. Hans Nielsen Hauge : Liv Og Budskap. U-Bøkene. Oslo ; Universitetsforlaget, 1971.

Albrecht, Ruth. Johanna Eleonora Petersen: Theologische Schriftstellerin Des Frühen Pietismus. Vol. 45. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2005. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666558306

Allen, Joseph Henry, and Richard Eddy. A History of the Unitarians and the Universalists in the United States. Vol. 10. Christian Literature, 1894.

Almond, P.C. Heaven and Hell in Enlightenment England. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Alsted, J.H., M.R. Antognazza, H. Hotson, and G.W. Leibniz. Alsted and Leibniz: On God, the Magistrate and the Millennium. Wolfenbütteler Arbeiten Zur Barockforschung. Harrassowitz, 1998.

Anckaert, L. A Critique of Infinity: Rosenzweig and Levinas. Studies in Philosophical Theology. Isd, 2006.

Arndal, Steffen. "Den store hvide Flok vi see -" : H.A. Brorson og tysk pietistisk vækkelsessang. Odense University studies in literature ; vol. 24. Odense: Odense Universitetsforlag, 1989.

---. "Krop, Sjæl Og Ånd Georg Ernst Stahls Og Christian Friedrich Richters Medicinske Antropologi." Dansk Medicinhistorisk Årbog 9, no. 1980 (1980): 126-66.

Arndt, Johann. Sex Bøger Om Den Sande Christendom, Handlende Om Sande Christnes Salige Omvendelse, Hjertelige Anger Og Ruelse over Synden. Copenhagen: Trykt udi det Kongel. Waysen-Huses Bogtrykkerie, og paa dets Forlag, 1734.

Arndt, Johann, and Heiko Augustinus Oberman. Johann Arndt: True Christianity. Translated by Peter C. Erb. The Classics of Western Spirituality. London: SPCK, 1979.

Augustinus, Aurelius., and Henry. Chadwick. Confessions. Oxford u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press, 1991.

Austad, Torleiv. "Dåp Og Omvendelse i Lys Av Brytningen Mellom Lutherdom Og Pietisme." Tidsskrift for Teologi Og Kirke 77, no. 4 (2006): 271-80. https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN1504-2952-2006-04-04

---. "Mennesket Og Nåden. Til Forståelse Av Bakgrunnen for Erik Pontoppidans Lære Om Frelsestilegnelsen." Ichthys 9, no. 3 (1982): 95-106.

Bärensprung, Siegmund. Die Wiederbringung aller Dinge in ihren ersten guten Zustand der Schöpfung, nach ihrem Beweiss und Gegen-Beweiss. Franckfurt, 1739.

Barton, S.C. Holiness: Past and Present. New Century Theology. Bloomsbury Academic, 2003.

Baur, Jörg. "Salus Christiana: Die Rechtfertigungslehre in Der Geschichte Des Christlichen Heilsverständnisses," 1968.

Becker, George. "Pietism's Confrontation with Enlightenment Rationalism: An Examination of the Relation between Ascetic Protestantism and Science." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1991, 139-58. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387209

Bell, M. The German Tradition of Psychology in Literature and Thought, 1700-1840. Cambridge Studies in German. Cambridge University Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511485725

Bemesderfer, James O. Pietism and Its Influence upon the Evangelical United Brethren Church. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Bemesderfer, 1966.

Benz, Ernst. "Die Protestantische Thebais: Zur Nachwirkung Makarios Des Ägypters Im Protestantismus Des 17. Und 18. Jahrhunderts in Europa Und Amerika." Abhandlungen Der Geistes-Und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 1963.

Berkhof, Louis. Systematic Theology, 1996.

Beyreuther, Erich, and Erich Beyreuther Gerhard Meyer. Zweiter Sammelband Über Zinzendorf. Vol. 13. Georg Olms Verlag, 1975.

Bianco, Bruno. "Freiheit Gegen Fatalismus. Zu Joachim Langes Kritik an Wolff." In Halle, 111-56. Max Niemeyer Verlag, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110931303.111

Biblia. 3. Oplag. Copenhagen: Udi det kongel. Waysenhuses Bogtrykkerie og paa dets Forlag, 1740.

Bielfeldt, Dennis. "The Ontology of Deification." In Caritas dei Beiträge zum Verständnis Luthers und der gegenwärtigen Ökumene ; Festschrift für Tuomo Mannermaa zum 60. Geburtstag, edited by Oswald Bayer and Tuomo Mannermaa, 90-113, 1997.

Billings, J Todd. Union with Christ: Reframing Theology and Ministry for the Church. Baker Academic, 2011.

Blowers, Paul M. "Maximus the Confessor and John of Damascus on Gnomic Will (Γνώμη) in Christ: Clarity and Ambiguity," 2012.

Boersma, H. Embodiment and Virtue in Gregory of Nyssa: An Anagogical Approach. Oxford Early Christian Studies. OUP Oxford, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199641123.001.0001

Braaten, Carl E., and Robert W. Jenson. Union with Christ : The New Finnish Interpretation of Luther. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1177/106385120000900208

Bramming, Bente, and Torben Bramming. "Brorson Inspirerede Både Kierkegaard Og Andersen." Kristeligt Dagblad, July 22, 2015. https://www.kristendom.dk/kristen-livsstil/brorson-i-eftertiden.

Bredsdorff, Thomas. Den brogede oplysning: om følelsernes fornuft og fornuftens følelse i 1700-tallets nordiske litteratur. Kbh.: Gyldendal, 2003.

Bredsdorff, Thomas, Søren Peter Hansen, and Anne-Marie Mai, eds. Nordic Light. University of Southern Denmark Studies in Scandinavian Languages and Literatures 81. Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, 2007.

Bricka, C. F., ed. "Reenberg, Christian Christopher." Vol. 13. Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1899.

---, ed. "Reenberg, Morten." Vol. 13. Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1899.

Brooke, Christopher. "How the Stoics Became Atheists." The Historical Journal 49, no. 2 (2006): 387-402. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X06005255

Brouwer, Rinse H Reeling. Karl Barth and Post-Reformation Orthodoxy. Routledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315590929

Büchner, Gottfried., and Heinrich Leonhard. Heubner. Gottfried Büchner's biblische real und verbal hand concordanz oder exegetisch homiletisches Lexikon. 11th ed. Braunschweig: C.U. Schwetschke und Sohn, 1859.

Buddeus, Joannes Franciscus [Johann Franz]. Institutiones Theologiae Moralis. Lipsiae: Apud Thomam Fritsch, 1715.

Buddeus, Johann Franz. "Animadversiones in Petri Chavvini Librvm de Religione Natvrali." In Parerga Historico-Theologica, 1719.

---. Collegium Theologico-Morale, Eller Gudelig Lærdom Om Gode Gierninger Og Sæder. Vol. 1. 2 vols., 1740.

---. Collegium Theologico-Morale, Eller Gudelig Lærdom Om Gode Gierninger Og Sæder. Vol. 2. 2 vols., 1740.

---. Einleitung in die Moral-Theologie. Leipzig: Bey Thomas Fritschen, 1719.

---. Epistola De Nonnvllis Ad Qvorvndam Ecclesiae Evangelicae In S [Ilesia] Ministrorvm Innocentiam Vindicandam Spectantibvs, 1724.

---. Institutiones Theologiae Dogmaticae. Lipsiae, 1724.

---. Observationes in elementa philosophiae instrvmentalis. Edited by Johann Georg Walch. Hal.: Orphanotrophium, 1732.

Burnet, Thomas. De Statu Mortuorum & Resurgentium Tractatus. Of the State of the Dead, and of Those That Are to Rise. London: E. Curll, 1729.

Burns, Stuart. "Divine Ecstasy in Gregory of Nyssa and Pseudo-Macarius: Flight and Intoxication." Greek Orthodox Theological Review 44, no. 1-4 (1999): 309.

Busch, Eberhard. Karl Barth & the Pietists : The Young Karl Barth's Critique of Pietism and Its Response. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2004.

Campbell, Constantine R. Paul and Union with Christ: An Exegetical and Theological Study. Zondervan Academic, 2015.

Caro, Hernan D. "The Best of All Possible Worlds? Leibniz's Optimism and Its Critics 1710 - 1755," 2014.

Catalogus Librorum. Hafniæ: typis Andreæ Hartvici Godiche, 1765.

Catalogus over En Deel Gode Bøger Og Mss. Kjøbenhavn, 1747.

Chambers, Ephraim. "Freedom of Contradiction." In Cyclopaedia, or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. London, 1750.

---. "Freedom of Contrariety, or of Contraries." In Cyclopaedia, or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. London, 1750.

Christensen, Sigrid Nielsby. "En Undersøgelse Af Enevold Ewalds (1696-1754) Teologi Og Dens Historiske Kontekst På Baggrund Af Hans Prædikener." Prisopgave, guld Københavns Universitet., 2019.

---. "Enevold Ewalds Selvprøvelsesprogram." Kirkehistoriske Samlinger Bind 2020 (2020): 7-30.

Christian Friderich, Bay. Fuldstændigt Dansk Og Engelsk Haand-Lexicon. 2. forb. Udg. Copenhagen, 1807.

Clark, S.R.L. Animals and Their Moral Standing. Taylor & Francis, 2006. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203004265

Clark, S.R.L., and C. Pickstock. Can We Believe in People? Human Significance in an Interconnected Cosmos. Angelico Press, 2020.

Clark, Stephen R. L. God, Religion and Reality, 2017.

Clark, Stephen RL. "Orwell and the Anti-Realists." Philosophy 67, no. 260 (1992): 141-54. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819100039565

---. The Mysteries of Religion: An Introduction to Philosophy through Religion. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.

Clatterbaugh, Kenneth. The Causation Debate in Modern Philosophy, 1637-1739. Routledge, 2014. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315822181

Coates, D. Justin, and Micheal McKenna. "Compatibilism." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, n.d. <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/compatibilism/>.

Cobb, James G. Lutheran DNA: Testing the Augsburg Confession in the Parish. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2010.

Collins Winn, Christian T. The Pietist Impulse in Christianity. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2011. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cgfbkp

Collins Winn, Christian T., and John L. Drury. "Karl Barth and the Future of Evangelical Theology," 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvj4sx6s

Como, D.R. Blown by the Spirit: Puritanism and the Emergence of an Antinomian Underground in Pre-Civil-War England. Stanford University Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780804788120

Coninck-Smith, Ning de, Mogens Rüdiger, Morten Thing, and Niels Finn Christiansen. Historiens kultur : fortælling, kritik, metode : tilegnet Niels Finn Christiansen. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 1997.

Connolly, S. Inklings of Heaven. Gracewing, 2007.

Coors, Michael. Scriptura efficax. Die biblisch-dogmatische Grundlegung des theologischen Systems bei Johann Andreas Quenstedt : Ein dogmatischer Beitrag zu Theorie und Auslegung des biblischen Kanons als Heiliger Schrift. Forschungen zur systematischen und ökumenischen Theologie. Vandehoeck & Rupprecht, 2009. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666563973

Corr, Charles A. "The Existence of God, Natural Theology and Christian Wolff." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 4, no. 2 (1973): 105-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138698

Crusius, Christian August. Anweisung vernünftig zu leben. Leipzig: Gleditsch, 1744.

Dahl, Aage. "Bidrag Til Johannes Ewalds Slægtshistorie." Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift. V, no. 9 (1932): 215-47.

Dahl, Gina. Books in Early Modern Norway. Brill EBook Titles 2011. Leiden ; Brill, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004207202.i-242

Damrau, Peter. The Reception of English Puritan Literature in Germany. London: Maney publ., 2006.

Davenport, John, Grant Julin, Sharon Krishek, John Lippitt, Edward F Mooney, Marilyn Gaye Piety Foley, Pia Soltoft, Mark A Tietjen, Rick A Furtak, and Christopher B Barnett. Kierkegaard's God and the Good Life. Indiana University Press, 2017.

Davis, Justin A. Pietism and the Foundations of the Modern World. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2019.

De La Noval, Roberto J. "Divine Drama or Divine Disclosure? Hell, Universalism, and a Parting of the Ways." Modern Theology 36, no. 1 (2020): 201-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/moth.12555

Dippel, Johann Conrad. Der von den Nebeln des Reichs der Verwirrung gesäuberte helle Glanz des Evangelii Jesu Christi oder Schrifft- und Wahrheit-mässiger Entwurff der Heyls-Ordnung. Stockholm, 1727.

---. Vera Demonstratio Evangelica. Frankfurt; Leipzig, 1729.

Dodds, Michael J. "Science, Causality, and God: Divine Action and Thomas Aquinas." Angelicum 91, no. 1 (2014): 13-36.

Dunstan Robidoux. "Applying a Thomist Principle: Quidquid Recipitur Ad Modum Recipientis Recipitur." Lonergan Institute (blog). Accessed October 12, 2020. http://lonergan.org/2009/10/16/applying-a-thomist-principle-quidquid-recipitur-ad-modum-recipientis-recipitur/.

Dyck, Corey W. Early Modern German Philosophy (1690-1750). Oxford University Press, USA, 2019.

Dyrness, W.A., V.M. Kärkkäinen, J.F. Martinez, and S. Chan. "Universalism." In Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church. InterVarsity Press, 2009.

Dyrness, William A, and Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen. Global Dictionary of Theology : A Resource for the Worldwide Church, 2015.

Echeverria, Eduardo J. Divine Election: A Catholic Orientation in Dogmatic and Ecumenical Perspective. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2016.

Elle Jensen, F. Pietismen i Danmark. Lohse, 1924.

---. Pietismen i Jylland. Teologiske studier. 2. afd. ; 5. Gad, 1944.

Eller, Vernard. Kierkegaard and Radical Discipleship. Princeton University Press, 2015.

Ellis, Brannon. "Covenantal Union and Communion: Union with Christ as the Covenant of Grace." In Sanctification: Explorations in Theology and Practice, edited by K.M. Kapic, 79-102. InterVarsity Press, 2014.

Engelhardt, Juliane. "Pietisme og krise. Den Halleske og radikale pietisme i den danske helstat under Christian 6." Historisk Tidsskrift, 2017.

Ewald, Enevald [Enevold]. Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ Veteris Testamenti Index Chronologicus. Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Waysen-Husets Bogtrykkerie, 1741.

Ewald, Enevold. Begyndelses Elementer i de Guds Ord, 1721.

---. Den Eeneste, Sande Og Salige Wiisdoms Kilde, Som Er Guds Ord, Eller, Den Hellige Skrift. Copenhagen, 1752.

---. Den Sande Christendoms Rette Grundvold i Guds Og JEsu Christi Levende Og Saliggiørende Kundskab, 1720.

---. "Enew. Edwalds [Sic] Repliqve Paa Hr. Christian Reenbergs Indlæg Af d. 18 Mart. 1734," March 22, 1734. GUNNERUS XA Qv. 114d. Gunnerus Library, Trondheim.

---. Fortegnelse Paa En Deel Gode Og Vel Conditionerede Bøger. Copenhagen, 1755.

---. "Hr. Enev. Ewalds Svar Paa Hr. Christian Reenbergs 57 Poster Indgivne Mod Ham i Den Kongel. Commission," 1734. GUNNERUS XA Qv. 114d. Gunnerus Library, Trondheim.

Ewald, Enewald [Enevold]. Det gamle og nye Testamentes herlige Harmonie. Vol. 3. Copenhagen, 1746.

Ewald, Enewaldus [Enevold]. Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ Novi Testamenti Index Chronologicus. Kbh: Det kgl. Waysen-Huuses Bogtrykkerie, 1742.

"Ewald's First Response to Kaasbøll," February 3, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

"Ewald's Second Response to Kaasbøll," February 22, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

"Ewald's Second Response to Reenberg (Unsigned)," March 4, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

Exner, A. Efterretninger om det kongelige Vaisenhuus. Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz, 1881.

Fabbianelli, Faustino. "Leibniz, Budde et Wolff." Revue Philosophique de La France et de l'etranger 128, no. 3 (2003): 293-306. https://doi.org/10.3917/rphi.033.0293

Falduto, Antonino. The Faculties of the Human Mind and the Case of Moral Feeling in Kant's Philosophy. de Gruyter, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110351149

"Fernere Nachricht Von M. Ludwig Gerhards Erhobenen Streit Über Die Wiederbringung." In Anhang Der Sammlung von Alten Und Neuen Theologischen Sachen Auf Das Jahr 1745, 940-42, 1745.

Feser, Edward. "Classical Theism." Edward Feser (blog), September 30, 2010. http://edwardfeser.blogspot.com/2010/09/classical-theism.html.

---. Five Proofs for the Existence of God. Ignatius Press, 2017.

Fesko, John V. Beyond Calvin: Union with Christ and Justification in Early Modern Reformed Theology (1517-1700). Vol. 20. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666570223

Fortgesetzte Sammlung von Alten Und Neuen Theologischen Sachen. Fortgesetzte Sammlung von Alten Und Neuen Theologischen Sachen: Darinnen von Büchern, Uhrkunden, Controversien, Veränderungen, Anmerckungen Und Vorschlägen. Jacobi, 1728.

Frank, Gustav Wilhelm. Geschichte Der Protestantischen Theologie Vol. 2. Vol. 2. 1 vols. Breitkopf und Härtel, 1865.

Freddoso, Alfred J. "God's General Concurrence with Secondary Causes: Why Conservation Is Not Enough." Philosophical Perspectives 5 (1991): 553-85. https://doi.org/10.2307/2214109

Fuchs, Martin, Antje Linkenbach, Martin Mulsow, Bernd-Christian Otto, Rahul Bjørn Parson, and Jörg Rüpke. Religious Individualisation: Historical Dimensions and Comparative Perspectives. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110580853

Gäbler, Ulrich. "Geschichte, Gegenwart, Zukunft." In Geschichte Des Pietismus, edited by Hartmut. Lehmann, Martin. Brecht, and Klaus. Deppermann, 4:19-48. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004.

Gallagher, David M. "The Will and Its Acts (Ia IIae, Qq. 6-17)." In The Ethics of Aquinas, edited by Stephen J Pope, 69-89. Georgetown University Press, 2002.

---. "Thomas Aquinas on the Will as Rational Appetite." Journal of the History of Philosophy 29, no. 4 (1991): 559-84. https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.1991.0085

Gasparri, Giuliano. Étienne Chauvin (1640-1725) and His Lexicon Philosophicum. Georg Olms Verlag, 2016.

Gawthrop, Richard L. Pietism and the Making of Eighteenth-Century Prussia. Cambridge [England]; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511523311

Gehrz, Christopher, and Mark Pattie Iii. The Pietist Option: Hope for the Renewal of Christianity. Westmont: InterVarsity Press, 2017.

Gerhard, Ludwig. Kurtzer Begriff des Ewigen Evangelii von der Wiederbringung aller Dinge. Altona: Autor, 1729.

Gerhard, Ludwig, and Christian [Johann Conrad Dippel] Democritus. "Christiani Democriti Antwort auf das Verlangen eines guten Freundes, Wie doch eigentlich die Worte des Heylands über Judam Ischariot zu verstehen." In Kurtzer Begriff des Ewigen Evangelii von der Wiederbringung aller Dinge Nach der Ordnung Seines Systematis Für Unstudirte, Zu dem Ende, Auf eine demonstrativische Art aufgesetzet, 1-16. Altona: Autor, 1729.

Gilje, Nils. "Ludvig Holbergs Origenisme: - En Analyse Av Holbergs Syn På Helvetesstraffene." Norsk Teologisk Tidsskrift 107, no. 03 (2006): 144-162 ER. https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN1504-2979-2006-03-02

---. "Ludvig Holbergs Origenisme: En Analyse Av Holbergs Syn På Helvetesstraffene." Norsk Teologisk Tidsskrift 107, no. 3 (2006): 144-62. https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN1504-2979-2006-03-02

Goldschmidt, Stephan. Johann Konrad Dippel (1673-1734): Seine Radikalpietistische Theologie Und Ihre Entstehung. Vol. 39. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666558238

Gotlitzin, Alexander. "A Testimony to Christianity as Transformation: The Macarian Homilies and Orthodox Spirituality." In Orthodox and Wesleyan Spirituality, edited by S.T. Kimbrough, 129-56. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2002.

Gould, Stephen Jay. "Fall in the House of Ussher." Natural History 100, no. 11 (1991): 12-19.

Graf, Friedrich Wilhelm. "Von Der Creatio Ex Nihilo Zur »Bewahrung Der Schöpfung«: Dogmatische Erwägungen Zur Frage Nach Einer Möglichen Ethischen Relevanz Der Schöpfungslehre." Zeitschrift Für Theologie Und Kirche 87, no. 2 (1990): 206-23.

Graversen, Hans. Wajsenhuspræsten Enevold Ewald Og Den Pietistiske Bevægelse i København i Det 18. Aarhundrede. Copenhagen, 1912.

Gregg, S. All You Want to Know About Hell: Three Christian Views of God's Final Solution to the Problem of Sin. Thomas Nelson, 2013.

Griffith-Dickson, G. The Philosophy of Religion. SCM Core Text. SCM Press, 2005.

Groetsch, Ulrich. Hermann Samuel Reimarus (1694-1768): Classicist, Hebraist, Enlightenment Radical in Disguise. Brill, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004272989

Gross, Andreas, Y. Vincent Kumaradoss, and Heike Liebau, eds. Halle and the Beginning of Protestant Christianity in India. 3 vols. Halle: Francke Foundations, 2006.

Grossmann, Walter. Johann Christian Edelmann : From Orthodoxy to Enlightenment. Reprint 2019. Religion and Society ; 3. Berlin ; De Gruyter Mouton, 2019.

Grote, Simon. The Emergence of Modern Aesthetic Theory: Religion and Morality in Enlightenment Germany and Scotland. Vol. 117. Cambridge University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316275559

Groth, Friedhelm. Die" Wiederbringung Aller Dinge" Im Württembergischen Pietismus. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1984.

Hanby, Michael. No God, No Science: Theology, Cosmology, Biology. Illuminations: Theory & Religion. Hoboken: Wiley, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118323205

Harrisville, R.A. Pandora's Box Opened: An Examination and Defense of Historical-Critical Method and Its Master Practitioners. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014.

Hart, David Bentley. Roland in Moonlight. Angelico Press, 2021.

---. That All Shall Be Saved. Yale University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300248739

---. The Doors of the Sea: Where Was God in the Tsunami? Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005.

---. The Experience of God: Being, Consciousness, Bliss. Yale University Press, 2013.

Heinsius, Johann Georg. Unpartheyische Kirchen-Historie Alten Und Neuen Testaments, Von Erschaffung Der Welt Bis Auf Das Jahr Nach Christi Geburt 1730. Vol. 2. Jena: Hartung, 1735.

Hessayon, A. Jane Lead and Her Transnational Legacy. Christianities in the Trans-Atlantic World. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39614-3

Heubach, Joachim. and Luther-Agricola-seura. Luther und Theosis. Erlangen: Martin-Luther-Verlag, 1990.

Hindmarsh, D. Bruce. The Evangelical Conversion Narrative : Spiritual Autobiography in Early Modern England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199245754.001.0001

---. The Spirit of Early Evangelicalism: True Religion in a Modern World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.

Hinlicky, Paul R. Paths Not Taken: Fates of Theology from Luther through Leibniz. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2009.

Hochstrasser, T.J. Natural Law Theories in the Early Enlightenment. Ideas in Context ; 58. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490552

Hoff, Johannes. "The Rise and Fall of the Kantian Paradigm of Modern Theology." The Grandeur of Reason: Religion, Tradition and Universalism, 2010, 167-96.

Holberg, Ludvig., and J. L. Køhler. Herrn Ludwigs, Freyhernn von Holberg, Allgemeine Kirchenhistorie von Dem Jahr Christi 1700 Bis 1750. Allgemeine Kirchenhistorie ; 4-6. Ulm ; Verlag Johann Conrad Wohler, 1764.

Horstbøll, Henrik. "Enlightenment and Pietism in Denmark-Norway in the Eighteenth Century. The Discourse of Erik Pontoppidan." In Pietism, Revivalism and Modernity, 1650-1850, 84-105. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008.

Huijgen, Arnold. The Spirituality of the Heidelberg Catechism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666550843

Huisman, Frans W. "Danske Oversættelse Af Puritansk-Pietistiske Værker i Det 17. Og 18. Århundrede," Kirkehistoriske samlinger., 2009, 83-187.

Hunter, I., B.B.P.H.Q. Skinner, L. Daston, D. Ross, Q. Skinner, and J. Tully. Rival Enlightenments: Civil and Metaphysical Philosophy in Early Modern Germany. Ideas in Context. Cambridge University Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490583

Iggers, Georg G. Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge. Wesleyan University Press, 2005.

Illg, Thomas. "Philipp Nicolai and Johann Gerhard." In Protestants and Mysticism in Reformation Europe, edited by R.K. Rittgers and V. Evener, 287-308. St Andrews Studies in Reformation History. Brill, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004393189_016

"[Innlegg] Hr. Magister Kaasbølls Indlæg Imod Mig..." København, 1734. GUNNERUS XA Fol. 73. Gunnerus Library, Trondheim.

Israel, Jonathan I. Radical Enlightenment : Philosophy and the Making of Modernity, 1650-1750. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198206088.001.0001

"J. Trellunds 'Upartiske Theologiske Tanker,'" August 23, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

Jacob, J. Heilige Poesie: Zu Einem Literarischen Modell Bei Pyra, Klopstock Und Wieland. Studien Zur Deutschen Literatur. De Gruyter, 2015.

Jakobsen, Rolv Nøtvik. "Johan Ernst Gunnerus-a Conservative Theologian and an Enlightened Scientist (?)." Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter, 2011.

Jantzen, A. "A. D. Jørgensen: Johannes Evald. Kjøbenhavn (Gyldendalske Boghandel) 1888. (263 SS.)." Historisk Tidsskrift 6, no. 0 (January 1, 1890): 137-51.

Jenson, P.P. Graded Holiness: A Key to the Priestly Conception of the World. The Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies. Bloomsbury Publishing, 1992.

Jonas, Hans. "Seventeenth Century and after: The Meaning of the Scientific and Technological Revolution." Philosophical Essays: From Ancient Creed to Technological Man, 1974, 45-80.

Jordan, Albert F. "The Chronicle of Peter Böehler, Who Led John and Charles Wesley to the Full Light of the Gospel." Transactions of the Moravian Historical Society 22, no. 2 (1971): 100-178.

"Kaasbøll's Accusations against Ewald," February 1, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

"Kaasbøll's Response to Ewald," February 17, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti. One with God : Salvation as Deification and Justification. Collegeville (Minnesota): Liturgical Press, 2004.

Kennard, Douglas. "Evangelical Views on Illumination of Scripture and Critique." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 49, no. 4 (2006): 797-806.

Khan, Abrahim. Salighed as Happiness?: Kierkegaard on the Concept Salighed. Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1985.

Kilcrease, Jack D. The Doctrine of Atonement: From Luther to Forde. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2018.

"Kirkehistoriske Samlinger." Kirkehistoriske Samlinger V, no. 4 (September 1907).

Klemme, Heiner F, and Manfred Kuehn. The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2016.

Koch, Hal. Danmarks Kirke gennem Tiderne. De unges Bogsamling ; 2. De Unges Forlag, 1939.

Koch, John D. "Saving Faith Alone." In Comfortable Words: Essays in Honor of Paul FM Zahl, edited by Todd HW Brewer, 93-103. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013.

Koch, Max. Der Ordo Salutis in Der Alt-Lutherischen Dogmatik. Duncker, 1899.

"Kraft." In Ordbog over Det Danske Sprog: Historisk Ordbog 1700-1950. Vol. 11, 1929. https://ordnet.dk/ods/ordbog?query=kraft.

Krogh, Tyge. "Rationalismens Syndebuk. Christian 6. Og Pietismen i Dansk Historieskrivning." In Historiens Kultur: Fortælling, Kritik, Metode: Tilegnet Niels Finn Christiansen, edited by Niels Finn Christiansen. Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997.

Kvanvig, J.L. The Problem of Hell. Oxford University Press, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195084870.001.0001

Lange, Joachim. Bescheidene Und Ausführliche Entdeckung Der Falschen Und Schädlichen Philosophie in Dem Wolffianischen Systemate Metaphysico Von Gott, Der Welt, Und Dem Menschen. Buchladen des Wäysenhauses, 1724.

Larsen, Kurt. Fra kirkens historie 1500-1700. Århus: Kolon, 1998.

Lausten, Martin Schwarz. De Fromme Og Jøderne: Holdninger Til Jødedom Og Jøder i Danmark i Pietismen (1700-1760). Kirkehistoriske Studier, 3. Række, Nr. 7. Kbh: Akademisk Forlag, 2000.

Lay, Robert F. Readings in Historical Theology: Primary Sources of the Christian Faith. Kregel Academic, 2009.

Lee, Sukjae. "Occasionalism." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, n.d. <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/occasionalism/>.

Lehmkühler, Karsten. Inhabitatio: Die Einwohnung Gottes Im Menschen. Vol. 104. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666563317

Leibniz, G.W., P. Riley, R. Geuss, and Q. Skinner. Leibniz: Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge University Press, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511810084

Lewis, C.S. Mere Christianity. HarperOne, 2009.

---. The Problem of Pain. HarperOne, 2001.

Lieburg, Fred A. van, and Daniel Lindmark. Pietism, Revivalism and Modernity, 1650-1850. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2009.

Lied, Laurel. "Danish Catechism in Action? Examining Religious Formation in and through Erik Pontoppidan's Menoza." Studies in Church History 55 (2019): 225-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/stc.2018.29

---. "Nature Is Hallowed by Grace-How Debates on 'Grace and Nature' Influenced Danish Pietism." Pietismus Und Neuzeit. Ein Jahrbuch Zur Geschichte Des Neueren Protestantismus 45 (2021): 143-65. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666573323.143

Lindberg, Carter. The Pietist Theologians : An Introduction to Theology in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2005. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470776032

Lindhardt, P. G. Peder Hersleb : Studier over Dansk-Norsk Kirke- Og Kulturhistorie i Første Halvdel Af Det 18. Århundrede. Copenhagen: Gad, 1939.

Lindström, Harald. Wesley and Sanctification. Almqvist & Wiksell, 1946.

Linebaugh, Jonathan A. "Rational Hermenutics and Comparison as Conversation." In The New Testament in Comparison: Validity, Method, and Purpose in Comparing Traditions, edited by John MG Barclay and Benjamin G White, 143-58. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9780567684806.ch-009

Long, D Stephen. John Wesley's Moral Theology: The Quest for God and Goodness. Kingswood Books, 2005.

Ludlow, Morwenna. Universal Salvation: Eschatology in the Thought of Gregory of Nyssa and Karl Rahner. Oxford Theological Monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198270224.001.0001

Lundbye, Jørgen. Herrnhutismen i Danmark. Kbh.: Schønberg, 1903.

Macaskill, G. Union with Christ in the New Testament. OUP Oxford, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684298.001.0001

MacDonald, George. "Justice." In Unspoken Sermons, Vol. 3, 1867. http://www.online-literature.com/george-macdonald/unspoken-sermons/.

---. "Righteousness." In Unspoken Sermons, Vol. 3, 1867. http://www.online-literature.com/george-macdonald/unspoken-sermons/34/.

---. "The Consuming Fire." In Unspoken Sermons, Vol. 1, 1867. http://www.online-literature.com/george-macdonald/unspoken-sermons/2/.

---. "The Creation in Christ." In Unspoken Sermons, Vol. 3, 1867. http://www.online-literature.com/george-macdonald/unspoken-sermons/25/.

MacDonald, Gregory. The Evangelical Universalist: The Biblical Hope That God's Love Will Save Us All. SPCK, 2012.

MacDonald, Gregory, and Robin A Parry. " All Shall Be Well": Explorations in Universal Salvation and Christian Theology, from Origen to Moltmann. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2011. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cg4m9c

MacFarland, Ian A. "The Theology of the Will." In The Oxford Handbook of Maximus the Confessor, edited by Bronwen Neil and Pauline Allen, 516-32. Oxford Handbooks, 2015.

MacKenzie, Cameron A. "The Bondage of the Will in Lutheranism-Man's Sin or God's Will?" Lutheran Synod Quarterly 49, no. 1 (2009): 4-29.

Mandelbrote, Scott. "'Generous Men Will Spare the Memory of the Dead': The Posthumous Publication of Writings by Thomas Burnet." In Textual Transformations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808817.003.0011

Mason, Arthur J. Fifty Spiritual Homilies of St. Macarius the Egyptian. Translations of Christian Literature. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1921.

Matarazzo, J.M., and A. Jackelen. The Judgment of Love: An Investigation of Salvific Judgment in Christian Eschatology. Distinguished Dissertations in Christian Theology. Pickwick Publications, 2018.

Matava, Robert Joseph. Divine Causality and Human Free Choice: Domingo Báñez, Physical Premotion and the Controversy de Auxiliis Revisited. Brill, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004310315

Matthias, Markus. "Bekehrung Und Wiedergeburt." In Geschichte Des Pietismus, edited by Ulrich. Gäbler, Hartmut. Lehmann, Martin. Brecht, and Klaus. Deppermann, 4:49-82. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004.

---. Johann Wilhelm Und Johanna Eleonora Petersen: Eine Biographie Bis Zur Amtsenthebung Petersens Im Jahre 1692. Vandenhoeck et Ruprecht, 1993.

---. "Ordo Salutis: Zur Geschichte Eines Dogmatischen Begriffs." Zeitschrift Für Kirchengeschichte 115, no. 3 (2004): 318-46.

---. "Pietism and Protestant Orthodoxy," 15-49. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004283862_003

McClymond, Michael J. The Devil's Redemption. Baker Academic, 2018.

McCormack, Bruce L. Justification in Perspective: Historical Developments and Contemporary Challenges. Baker Academic, 2006.

McGrath, Alister E. Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification: Volume II. Cambridge University Press, 1986.

McGuckin, J. A. "The Strategic Adaptation of Deification in the Cappadocians." In Partakers of the Divine Nature: The History and Development of Deification in the Christian Traditions, edited by M.J. Christensen and J.A. Wittung, 95-114. Baker Publishing Group, 2008.

McKenzie, E.C. A Catalog of British Devotional and Religious Books in German Translation from the Reformation to 1750. De Gruyter, 2016.

Milbank, John. Being Reconciled: Ontology and Pardon. Routledge, 2003. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203328682

Møller, Jon Monrad. "Vajsenhuspræsten Ewalds Slægt i København På 1700-Tallet." Personalhistorisk Tidsskrift. 101, no. 2 (1981): 133-44.

Mulder, Jack. "Must All Be Saved? A Kierkegaardian Response to Theological Universalism." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 59, no. 1 (2006): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-005-2532-y

Müller, Heinrich. Apostolische Schlußkett Und Krafft-Kern. Franckfurt am Mayn, 1671.

Müller, Henrich. Himmelske Kierligheds-Kys. Kbh. og Aalborg: Christian Gottlob Mengel & Comp., 1745.

Mulsow, Martin. "Eclecticism or Skepticism? A Problem of the Early Enlightenment." Journal of the History of Ideas 58, no. 3 (1997): 465-77. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.1997.0028

Murphy, Mark. "Theological Voluntarism." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, n.d. <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2019/entries/voluntarism-theological/>.

Nadler, Steven. Causation in Early Modern Philosophy: Cartesianism, Occasionalism, and Preestablished Harmony. Penn State Press, 2010.

Nagel, T. Mind and Cosmos: Why the Materialist Neo-Darwinian Conception of Nature Is Almost Certainly False. OUP USA, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199919758.001.0001

Neiiendam, Michael. "Enevold Ewald." In Dansk Biografisk Leksikon, Published online 2011. https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Enevold_Ewald.

---. Erik Pontoppidan. Vol. 1. 2 vols. Kbh., 1930.

---. Erik Pontoppidan. Vol. 2. 2 vols. Copenhagen: Gad, 1930.

Nielsen, Erik A. Solens Fødsel: Seks Tekster Om Kristendommens Hemmeligheder. Anis, 1998.

Nielsen, Erik A. f. H. A. Brorson : pietisme, meditation, erotik. Billed-sprog ; 3. Kbh.: Gyldendal, 2013.

Noll, Mark A. The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1995.

Nüssel, Friederike. Bund Und Versöhnung : Zur Begründung Der Dogmatik Bei Johann Franz Buddeus. Forschungen Zur Systematischen Und Ökumenischen Theologie ; 77. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666562846

---. "Gott Als Spiritus Independens : Zur Umformung Der Gotteslehre in Der Lutherischen Theologie Der Frühaufklärung." In Der Gott Der Vernunft: Protestantismus Und Vernünftiger Gottesgedanke, edited by Jörg Lauster and Bernd Oberdorfer. Religion in Philosophy and Theology, 2009.

O'Conner, Timothy, and Christopher Franklin. "Free Will." In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, n.d. <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/freewill/>.

Ogden, Stephen R. "On a Possible Argument for Averroes's Single Separate Intellect." In Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy, Volume 4, edited by R. Pasnau, 27-63. Oxford Studies in Medieval Philosophy Series. Oxford University Press, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786368.003.0002

Olson, Roger E. Reclaiming Pietism : Retrieving an Evangelical Tradition. Grand Rapids, Michigan ; William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2015.

O'Neill, Eileen. "Influxus Physicus," 1993.

Ott, Walter, and Walter R Ott. Causation and Laws of Nature in Early Modern Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570430.001.0001

Ottesen, Chr. Det Kgl. Vajsenhus Gennem to Hundrede Aar. Kbh.: Det Kgl. Vajsenhus, 1927.

Overgaard, Frands Ole. "Konventikel." In Den Store Danske, April 22, 2013. https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/konventikel.

Parry, Robin A, and Ilaria LE Ramelli. A Larger Hope?, Volume 2: Universal Salvation from the Reformation to the Nineteenth Century. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2019.

Pedersen, Anne Katrine Blinkenberg. "Den Hallensiske Mission Blandt Jøder i 1700-Tallet, Med Særligt Henblick På Danmark.," 2007.

Pedersen, Johannes. Fra brydningen mellem orthodoksi og pietisme : Københavns kirkeliv 1704- 1712. Teologiske Studier. Dansk teologisk Tidsskrift. 2. Afd ; Nr. 7. Kbh., 1945.

---. "Pietismens Tid 1699-1746." In Den Danske Kirkes Historie : V-VI, edited by Hal Koch and Bjørn Kornerup. Den Danske Kirkes Historie : I-VIII. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1950.

Pelikan, J. Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter with Hellenism. Gifford Lectures Series. Yale University Press, 1993. https://books.google.dk/books?id=x9pu3b2_D68C.

Peschke, Erhard. "Der Pietismus in Dargun." Edited by Klaus Deppermann and Andreas Lindt, Pietismus und Neuzeit : ein Jahrbuch zur Geschichte des neueren Protestantismus., 1, no. 1 (1974).

Petersen, Johann Wilhelm, and Christian Pagencopen. Die von Dr. Johann Wilhelm Petersen kurtz vor seinem Ende nochmahlen nachdrücklich gerettete Wahrheit des ewigen Evangelii von der Wiederbringung aller Dinge. Freystadt [Büdingen]: [Regelin], 1727.

Petersen, Johanna Eleonora, and Barbara Becker-Cantarino. The Life of Lady Johanna Eleonora Petersen, Written by Herself : Pietism and Women's Autobiography in Seventeenth-Century Germany. University of Chicago Press, 2007.

Peterson, D.G., and D.A. Carson. Possessed by God: A New Testament Theology of Sanctification and Holiness. New Studies in Biblical Theology. InterVarsity Press, 2015.

Peucker, Paul. A Time of Sifting: Mystical Marriage and the Crisis of Moravian Piety in the Eighteenth Century. Vol. 1. Penn State Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780271070759

Piper, John. "Are There Two Wills in God." In Still Sovereign: Contemporary Perspectives on Election, Foreknowledge, and Grace, edited by Thomas R. Schreiner and Bruce Ware, 107-31. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.

Plato. Euthyphro. Translated by Benjamin Jowett, n.d.

Pless, John T. "Sacraments." In Dictionary of Luther and the Lutheran Traditions, edited by Timothy J Wengert, Mark Granquist, Mary Haemig, Robert Kolb, Mark Mattes, and Jonathan Strom, 653-56. Baker Academic, 2017.

Pontoppidan, Erich [Erik]. Epitome of Rev. Dr. Erik Pontoppidan's Explanation of Martin Luther's Small Catechism. Translated by Edmund Belfour. Chicago: J. Anderson, 1889.

Pontoppidan, Erik. Collegium Pastorale Practikum : Pontoppidans Pastoralteologi. Collegium Pastorale Practicum. Utg. 1757. Oslo: Luther i samarbeid med Det Evangelisk-Lutherske kirkesanfunn, 1986.

---. Menoza. Kbh: Wøldike, 1860.

---. Menoza. Edited by Andreas Fleischer. Oslo: Lutherstiftelsen, 1931.

---. Sandhed Til Gudfrygtighed Udi En Eenfoldig Og Efter Muelighed Kort Dog Tilstrekkelig Forklaring over Sal. Doct. Mort. Luthers Liden Catechismo ... Kjøbenhavn: Det Kongel. Waysenhuses ... Forlag, 1752.

---. Sannhet Til Gudfryktighet: Forklaring over Martin Luthers Lille Katekisme. Det evangelisk-lutherske kirkesamfunn, 1996.

---. Tractat om Sielens Udødelighed samt dens Tllstand i og efter Døden, stadfæstet ved Guds Ord og den sunde Fornuft. Kbh., 1762.

---. Udtog af Dr. Erich Pontoppidans forklaring. Minneapolis, Minn: Den forenede Kirkes Forlag, 1898.

Pontoppidan, Erik Ludvigsen. Troens Speyl, Forestillende Guds Børns Kiende-Tegn. Kjøbenhavn: Chr. Paulli, 1740.

Preus, J. Samuel. "The Reified Heart in Seventeenth-Century Religion." In Religion in History, edited by Michel Despland and Gérard Vallée, 45-56. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2006.

Rambach, Johann J., and Ernst Friedrich. Neubauer. Dogmatische Theologie oder christliche Glaubens-Lehre. 1 1. Frankfurt; Leipzig, 1744.

---. Dogmatische Theologie oder christliche Glaubens-Lehre. 2 2. Frankfurt; Leipzig, 1744.

Ramelli, Ilaria. The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis: A Critical Assessment from the New Testament to Eriugena. Brill, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004245709

Ramelli, Ilaria L. E., and Richard. Bauckham. A Larger Hope?, Volume 1 : Universal Salvation from Christian Beginnings to Julian of Norwich. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2019.

Ramelli, I.L.E. Evagrius's Kephalaia Gnostika: A New Translation of the Unreformed Text from the Syriac. Writings from the Greco-Roman World ; SBL Press, 2015.

Reenberg, Christian Christopher. "Hr. Christian Reenbergs Repliqve Paa Hr. Ewalds Indlæg i Den Kongl. Commission." Havniae, March 4, 1734. GUNNERUS XA Qv. 114g. Gunnerus Library, Trondheim.

"Reenberg's Accusations against Ewald," February 18, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

"Reenberg's Response to Ewald," March 4, 1734. Kall 93 folio. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

Ritschl, Albrecht. Geschichte Des Pietismus. Band 1, Der Pietismus in Der Reformirten Kirche. Unveränd. photomechan. Nachdr. [d. Ausg.] Bonn, Marcus, 1880. Reprint 2019. Geschichte Des Pietismus ; Band 1. Berlin ; De Gruyter, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111450629

Robb-Dover, Kristina. "Gregory of Nyssa's 'Perpetual Progress.'" Theology Today 65, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 213-25.

https://doi.org/10.1177/004057360806500207

Robinson, John A. T., and Robin. Parry. In the End, God ... : A Study of the Christian Doctrine and the Last Things. Eugene, Or: Cascade Books, 2011.

Rørdam, Holger Fr. "Svenske Emigranters Ophold i Danmark." Kirkehistoriske samlinger 5, no. 4 (1909 1907): 48-140.

---. "Vartovspræsten Ole Hersleb." Kirkehistoriske samlinger 5, no. 5 (November 1909): 164-201.

---. "Waisenhusets Ældste Historie." Kirkehistoriske Samlinger 4, no. 3 (95 1893): 26-96, 520-62.

Roux, S., and Dan Garber. The Mechanization of Natural Philosophy. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. Springer Netherlands, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4345-8

Saarinen, Risto. "Justification by Faith." In The Oxford Handbook of Martin Luther's Theology. OUP Oxford, 2014.

Sæbø, Magne. Hebrew Bible-Old Testament: The History of Its Interpretation. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996.

"Sagen Mod Enevold Ewald 1734 (Kopier)." Copenhagen, 17?? Ledreborg 417 kvart. Det Kongelig Bibliotek, Copenhagen.

Sanders, Fred. "Fittingness: How Conveniens." The Scriptorium Daily (blog), December 5, 2013. http://scriptoriumdaily.com/fittingness-how-conveniens/.

Santinello, Giovanni., and Gregorio. Piaia. Models of the History of Philosophy Volume II: From Cartesian Age to Brucker. 1st ed. 2011. International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives Internationales d'histoire Des Idées, 204. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9507-7

Schäfer, Johann David. Ewiges Evangelium, oder die Lehre von dem tausendjährigen und ewigen Reiche Christi und seiner Heiligen und der damit verknüpften Wiederbringung aller Dinge. [S.l., 1725.

Schindler, David C. "Freedom Beyond Our Choosing: Augustine on the Will and Its Objects." Communio 29, no. 4 (2002): 618-53.

Schindler, D.C. Freedom from Reality: The Diabolical Character of Modern Liberty. Catholic Ideas for a Secular World. University of Notre Dame Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpg85wj

Schmidt, Martin. "Teilnahme an der göttliche Natur." In Wiedergeburt und neuer Mensch; gesammelte Studien zur Geschichte des Pietismus., 238-98. Witten: Luther-Verlag, 1969.

---. Wiedergeburt und neuer Mensch. Witten: Luther-Verlag, 1969.

Schmidt-Biggemann, Wilhelm. "Praktische Philosophie Als Provokation: Christian Wolffs Philosophie in Der Ideenpolitik Der Frühaufklärung." Aufklärung 21 (2009): 147-60.

Schneider, Ulrich. "Eclecticism and the History of Philosophy." In History and the Disciplines : The Reclassification of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe, edited by Donald R. Kelley, 83-102. Rochester, N.Y: Univ. of Rochester Press, 1997.

Schonfeld, Martin. The Philosophy of the Young Kant: The Precritical Project. Oxford University Press, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195132181.001.0001

Schröckh, J.M. Christliche Kirchengeschichte Seit Der Reformation. Vol. 8. Leipzig, 1808.

Schumacher, Lydia. Divine Illumination: The History and Future of Augustine's Theory of Knowledge. Vol. 27. John Wiley & Sons, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444395099

Schumacher, William. Who Do I Say That You Are?: Anthropology and the Theology of Theosis in the Finnish School of Tuomo Mannermaa. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2010.

Seeberg, R. "Heilsordnung." In Realencyklopädie für protestantische Theologie und Kirche, edited by Albert. Hauck and Johann Jakob. Herzog. Vol. VII. Leipzig: Hinrichs, 1899.

Seymour, C. A Theodicy of Hell. Studies in Philosophy and Religion. Springer Netherlands, 2013.

Seymour, Charles. "Hell, Justice, and Freedom." International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 43, no. 2 (1998): 69-86. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003075721992

Sgarbi, Marco. Kant on Spontaneity. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012.

Shantz, Douglas. A Companion to German Pietism, 1660-1800. Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition. Leiden: BRILL, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004283862

Shantz, Douglas H. An Introduction to German Pietism : Protestant Renewal at the Dawn of Modern Europe. Young Center Books in Anabaptist & Pietist Studies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1353/book.72088

---. Between Sardis and Philadelphia: The Life and World of Pietist Court Preacher Conrad Bröske. Leiden: Brill, 2008.

Siegvolck, Georg Paul. The Everlasting Gospel. Germantown [Pa.], 1753.

Skarsten, Trygve R. "Erik Pontoppidan and His Asiatic Prince Menoza." Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture 50, no. 1 (1981): 33-43. https://doi.org/10.2307/3166478

Smith, James KA. Speech and Theology: Language and the Logic of Incarnation. Routledge, 2005.

Snyder, Howard A. "John Wesley and Macarius the Egyptian." The Asbury Journal 45, no. 2 (1990): 5.

Sparn, Walter. "Auf Dem Wege Zur Theologischen Aufklärung in Halle: Von Johann Franz Budde Zu Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten." In Halle, 71-90. Max Niemeyer Verlag, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110931303.71

---. "Philosophie." In Geschichte Des Pietismus, edited by Ulrich. Gäbler, Hartmut. Lehmann, Martin. Brecht, and Klaus. Deppermann, 4:227-63. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2004.

Spener, Philip Jacob. Pia desideria. Francofurti ad Moenum: sumpt. Joannis Davidis Zunneri, typis Joannis Theodorici Fridgenii, 1678.

Spener, Philip Jacob. Tractat om Natuur og Naade. Kbhn, 1733.

Stein, K. James. Philipp Jakob Spener : Pietist Patriarch. Chicago (Ill.): Covenant Press, 1986.

Stoeffler, F. Ernest. German Pietism during the Eighteenth Century. Studies in the History of Religions. "(Supplements to Numen)" ; 24. Leiden: Brill, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004378421

Strom, Jonathan. German Pietism and the Problem of Conversion. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2018.

Stump, Eleonore. "The Problem of Evil." Faith and Philosophy 2, no. 4 (1985): 392-423. https://doi.org/10.5840/faithphil19852443

Sutcliffe, A. Judaism and Enlightenment. Ideas in Context. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Talbott, Thomas B. The Inescapable Love of God. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, 2014.

Tamburello, Dennis E. Union with Christ: John Calvin and the Mysticism of St. Bernard. Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.

Tanner, Kathryn. Jesus, Humanity and the Trinity : A Brief Systematic Theology. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1177/106385120301200107

Thiessen, H.C., and V.D. Doerksen. Lectures in Systematic Theology. Eerdmans, 1979.

Timpe, K. Free Will in Philosophical Theology. Bloomsbury Studies in Philosophy of Religion. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013.

Tompkins, A. The Universalist Quarterly and General Review. Vol. 12. Boston, 1855.

Traherne, Thomas. The Works of Thomas Traherne, Vol. 2 Commentaries of Heaven, 2007.

Traherne, Thomas, Bertram Dobell, and Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Centuries of Meditations. London: Christian Classics Ethereal Library, 1908.

Trinius, Johann Anton. Freydenker-Lexicon. Cörner, 1759.

Udtog af Dr. Erich Pontoppidans Forklaring. Trykt i Opfostringshusets Bogtrykkerie af A. Jensen, 1845.

Udtog af Dr. Erich Pontoppidans Forklaring. Trykt hos Fr. D. Beyer paa hans forlag af Chr. Fr. Nissen, 1849.

Vainio, Olli-Pekka. Engaging Luther: A (New) Theological Assessment. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2010.

---. "Justification and Participation in Christ : The Development of the Lutheran Doctrine of Justification from Luther to the Formula of Concord (1580)," 2008.

---. "Luther and Theosis: A Response to the Critics of Finnish Luther Research." Pro Ecclesia (Northfield, Minn.) 24, no. 4 (2015): 459-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/106385121502400406

---. "Luther and Theosis: A Response to the Critics of Finnish Luther Research." Pro Ecclesia 24, no. 4 (2015): 459-74.

Vlastos, Gregory. "The Unity of the Virtues in the 'Protagoras.'" The Review of Metaphysics 25, no. 3 (1972): 415-58.

Von Wille, Dagmar. "Bruno, Campanella Und Die Renaissance in Johann Georg Walchs Philosophischem Lexicon." Bruno, Campanella Und Die Renaissance in Johann Georg Walchs Philosophischem Lexicon, 2011, 435-56.

Walch, Johann Georg. Der Historischen und Theologischen Einleitung In die Religions-Streitigkeiten Der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche. Vol. 2, 1733.

---. Der Historischen und Theologischen Einleitung In die Religions-Streitigkeiten Der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche. Vol. 3, 1734.

Walch, Johann Georg, and Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch. "Caussa." In Philosophisches Lexicon, cols. 352-357, 1726.

---. "Essentz." In Philosophisches Lexicon, cols. 834-837, 1726.

---. "Existentz." In Philosophisches Lexicon, cols. 834-837, 1726.

---. "Freyheit des Willens." In Philosophisches Lexicon, cols. 1036-1056, 1726.

---. "Gott." In Philosophisches Lexicon, cols. 1339-1355, 1726.

---. "Wille des Menschen." In Philosophisches Lexicon, cols. 2901-2915, 1726. /z-wcorg/.

Walch, Johann Georg., and Justus Christian. Hennings. "Erkenntniß Gottes." In Philosophisches Lexicon : worinnen die in allen Theilen der Philosophie, vorkommende Materien und Kunstwörter erkläret, aus der Historie erläutert, die Streitigkeiten der ältern und neuern Philosophen erzehlet, beurtheilet, und die dahin gehörigen Schriften angeführet werden, 1:c. 1104-1105. Leipzig: In Gleditschens Buchhandlung, 1775.

---. "Freyheit des Verstandes." In Philosophisches Lexicon : worinnen die in allen Theilen der Philosophie, vorkommende Materien und Kunstwörter erkläret, aus der Historie erläutert, die Streitigkeiten der ältern und neuern Philosophen erzehlet, beurtheilet, und die dahin gehörigen Schriften angeführet werden, 1:c. 1399-1402. Leipzig: In Gleditschens Buchhandlung, 1775.

---. "Freyheit des Willens." In Philosophisches Lexicon : worinnen die in allen Theilen der Philosophie, vorkommende Materien und Kunstwörter erkläret, aus der Historie erläutert, die Streitigkeiten der ältern und neuern Philosophen erzehlet, beurtheilet, und die dahin gehörigen Schriften angeführet werden, 1:c. 1402-1424. Leipzig: In Gleditschens Buchhandlung, 1775.

---. "Gott." In Philosophisches Lexicon : worinnen die in allen Theilen der Philosophie, vorkommende Materien und Kunstwörter erkläret, aus der Historie erläutert, die Streitigkeiten der ältern und neuern Philosophen erzehlet, beurtheilet, und die dahin gehörigen Schriften angeführet werden, 1:c. 1801-1820. Leipzig: In Gleditschens Buchhandlung, 1775.

Wallmann, Johannes. "Pietismus Und Chiliasmus: Zur Kontroverse Um Philipp Jakob Speners» Hoffnung Besserer Zeiten «." Zeitschrift Für Theologie Und Kirche 78, no. 2 (1981): 235-66.

Ward, W. R. Early Evangelicalism: A Global Intellectual History, 1670-1789. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511497315

Watkins, Eric. "From Pre-Established Harmony to Physical Influx: Leibniz's Reception in Eighteenth Century Germany." Perspectives on Science 6, no. 1 (1998): 136-203. https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00547

Wax, Trevin. "Is Sanctification a Process or a Position?" The Gospel Coalition (blog), August 19, 2014. https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/trevin-wax/is-sanctification-a-process-or-a-position/.

Weigelt, H. Universale Heilshoffnungen Im Christentum: Apokatastasisideen in Theologie Und Kirche, Literatur Und Musik. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2021. https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666573286

Wengert, Timothy J, Mark Granquist, Mary Haemig, Robert Kolb, Mark Mattes, and Jonathan Strom. "Word of God." In Dictionary of Luther and the Lutheran Traditions, 798-800. Baker Academic, 2017.

Wesley, J. The Works of the Rev. John Wesley. The Works of the Rev. John Wesley. D. & S. Neall and W.S. Stockton, 1826.

White, Thomas. The Middle State of Souls. From the Hour of Death to the Day of Judgment. London: s.n.], 1659.

White, Thomas, and Gottfried Arnold. Betrachtung von dem mittleren Zustand der Seelen nach ihrem Abschied aus dem Leibe, 1725.

Whitmer, Kelly Joan. The Halle Orphanage as Scientific Community: Observation, Eclecticism, and Pietism in the Early Enlightenment. University of Chicago Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226243801.001.0001

Whittemore, Thomas. The Modern History of Universalism: From the Era of the Reformation to the Present Time. Whittemore, 1830.

Wieckenberg, Ernst-Peter. "The Controversy over the Salvation of the Jews, Turks and Heathens in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century: A Theological Path to Tolerance?" In Mediating Modernity : Challenges and Trends in the Jewish Encounter with the Modern World : Essays in Honor of Michael A. Meyer, edited by Lauren B. Strauss and Michael Brenner, 55-73. Detroit: Wayne State Univ. Press, 2008.

Wilbourne, Rankin. Union with Christ: The Way to Know and Enjoy God. David C Cook, 2016.

Wilken, R.L. The Spirit of Early Christian Thought: Seeking the Face of God. Yale University Press, 2003.

Williams, Rowan. Christ the Heart of Creation. London: Bloomsbury Continuum, 2018.

---. Tokens of Trust: An Introduction to Christian Belief. Westminster John Knox Press, 2010.

Williams, Stephen. "Barth, Buddeus and the Eighteenth Century." Modern Theology 2, no. 4 (1986): 309-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0025.1986.tb00120.x

Williams, Stephen N. The Election of Grace: A Riddle without a Resolution? Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2015.

Williams, Stephen Nantlais. Reason Judges Revelation: A Case Study in Buddeus, Tindal and Locke. Yale University, 1981.

Wood, W. Analytic Theology and the Academic Study of Religion. Oxford Studies in Analytic Theology. OUP Oxford, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779872.003.0005

Wundt, Max. "Die deutsche Schulphilosophie im Zeitalter der Aufklärung." Hildesheim: G. Olms, 1992. /z-wcorg/.

Zedler, Johann Heinrich. "Wiederbringung aller Dinge." In Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon Aller Wissenschafften und Künste, Welche bißhero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden. Vol. 55. cols. 1908-1994, 1748.

Zinzendorf, Nicolaus. Sixteen Discourses on the Redemption of Man by the Death of Christ. London: James Hutton, 1740.