Hvad kunne være hændt? En udforskning af indsatte kvinders erfaringer med og spekulative visioner for forebyggelse i Danmark

Fængselsindsatte kvinder, Spekulative metoder, Det straffende velfærdssystem

Denne forskning udspringer af et ønske om at lære af nuværende kvindelige indsatte som led i at fremme et samfund med mindre social skade. Begreber som ’kriminalitet’ og ’kriminelle’ er fravalgt, for at skabe plads til at centrere menneskers oplevelser af skade. Studiet genintroducerer abolitionistiske perspektiver og bringer zemiologi og transformerende retfærdighed ind i nordisk akademia som relevante teoretiske værktøjer til at forstå det skadeforebyggende paradigme, der er indlejret i den danske straffende velfærdsstat. Ud fra eksisterende litteratur konceptualiserer jeg det straffende velfærdssystem og de impulser, der animerer dets praksisser på tværs af institutioner. Studiet tilbyder nye empiriske indsigter baseret på involvering med primært indsatte kvinder og sekundært personale i Jyderup Fængsel. Som en udforskning af samarbejdsbaserede metoder rummer studiet også skriveworkshops, hvor de indsatte kvinder skrev kreative tekster om deres liv og deres erfaringer med det straffende velfærdssystem. Nitten interviews med indsatte kvinder undersøgte både oplevede og spekulative fortider i deres møder med institutioner på tværs af sektorer, mens interviews med otte fængselspersonale gav indsigt i deres forståelse af kvindernes udfordringer og deres vurdering af systemets kapacitet til at imødekomme dem. Frem for at sætte perspektiverne op imod hinanden engageres de kollaborativt, hvilket fremhæver, hvordan begge grupper identificerer parallelle problemer i systemets virkemåde.

Gennem det, jeg betegner som hybrid historiefortælling, præsenterer studiet fire rekonfigurerede livshistorier sammenvævet med erfaringer med det straffende velfærdssystem. Disse kollektiviserede narrativer udfordrer individualiserende tendenser i diskussioner om kriminalitet, og giver nye indsigter i indsatte kvinders liv og institutionelle møder før domfældelse. Tilgangen udspringer af de anvendte forskningsstrategier: 1) decentrering af individet, 2) erstatning af strafferetlige begreber som analytiske kategorier, og 3) engagering af spekulation og mod-besværgelser. Særligt den tredje strategi førte til en analyse af kvindernes “hvad nu hvis”-spekulationer om, hvordan offentlig skadesforebyggende initiativer kan foregå anderledes. Gennem en analyse af deres længsler mod alternative tilgange fremviser jeg, de kvaliteter og praksisser de håbede at finde i de offentlige institutioner. Med udgangspunkt i disse fund kulminerer forskningen i en spekulativ refleksion over det, jeg kalder et transformerende skadeforebyggende paradigme. Informeret af de anvendte teorier og de empiriske analyser, lægger paradigmet vægt på infrastrukturer der understøtter relationel autonomi, understøtter forpligtende ansvarlighed og nærer den gensidige afhængighed. Det, der startede med en undersøgelse af indsatte kvinders møder med det straffende velfærdssystem, breder sig dermed til en refleksion over institutionel udformning og styring.

Samlet set tilbyder forskningen en empirisk baseret gentænkning af, hvordan vi kan orientere indsatsen mod at skabe et samfund med mindre social skade.

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