"There are no 'ludomaniacs'". An ethnography of gambling with gambling machines

spillemisbrug, penge,, liminalitet, communitas, animisme, gambling addiction, money, liminality, inter subejctivity, håb,, hope

English summary

In this monograph I explore the subject of 'Ludomania' by asking, with Ian Hacking in mind: what makes it possible in contemporary Danish consumer society to become a 'ludomaniac'? The thesis is an anthropological account of the embodied experience of machine gambling - currently believed to be the most addictive gambling product on the market - in residential areas in subarban Århus, Denmark. I present ethnographic descriptions, which show that the attraction towards gamling halls is in more than one way an adaption to to a particular situation in a human's life in western consumer society.

In my analysis I firstly argue that one of the conditions for the reproduction of 'ludomania' is the experience of the gambling hall as a lived-in-invironment, where the material environment is humanised as a liminal and intersubjective place and process. Secondly I argue that the easy access to chance adventures with gambling machines generates a perecption of opportunity of financial gain and dreams of hope about a better future on the part of the person participatinng in the game.

I also discuss chance adventures in the gambling hall as an existential striving for personal autonomy and human community in a context of relative poverty, lack of opportunity and stresses of work and familiy life. Thirdly I argue that the 'ludomania' category os reproduced interactively as a specific disease category with stigmatizing effects. Furthermore I explore the process that may lead to an over involvment in gambling with gambling machines with self-destructive repercussions.

 

Dansk resume

I denne afhandlinng undersøger jeg 'ludomani' ved at spørge med filosoffen Ian Hacking in mente: hvad gør det muligt i samtiden danske forbrugersamfund at blive 'ludoman'? Afhandlingen er en antropologisk fremstilling af den kropslige erfaring med maskinspil - for tiden anset af det videnskabelige samfund og af behandlere for at være det mest afhængighedsskabende spil på markedet - i Århus forstæder. Jeg præsenterer etnografiske beskrivelser som viser at tiltrækningen til spillehallen i mere end én forstand er en tilpasning til en bestemt situation i et menneskes liv i et samtidigt vestligt forbrugersamfund.

I min analyse argumenterer jeg for, at én af betingelserne for reproduktionen af 'ludmani' er erfaringen med spillehalen som en slags beboet sted, hvor det materielle miljø bliver menneskeliggjort i et liminalt sted og en liminal intersubjektiv proces. For det andet argumenterer jeg for at den nemme adgang til at tage chancer og opleve en form for frihed og spænding med legen med spillemaskinerne genererer en opfattelse af muligheder for finansiel vinding og drømme og håb om en bedre fremtid.

Endvidere diskuterer jeg adgangen til chancer som en eksistentiel drivkraft for personlig autonomi og menneskeligt fællesskab i en kontekst af relativ fattigdom, manglende muligheder og stress erfaringer i arbejds- og familieliv. For det tredje argumenterer jeg for at 'ludomani' betegnelsen genskabes interaktivt som en specifik videnskategori med stigmatiserende effekt. Endvidere undersøger jeg den proces der leder til overinvolvering i spil med selvdestruktive følger.

 

 

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